Thursday, July 16, 2009

Nokia Open - 4G Phone Concept


In around 2010 4G phones will be come to the action. So Nokia company , which is the largest mobile phone supplier decide to manufacture 4G phone. This is only a conceptual design, which was chosen from a competition. But will be satisfied future...


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Nokia held a design competition to help develop a 4G Nokia phone. The Nokia Open is the winning phone concept and is really like no other. It features a wing like display which opens onto a spread-open LCD touchscreen. The concept only features one main button. The rest is controlled through the touch display..

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4G - New generation of IP based telecommunication & Hi speed data transfer

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4G is latest developing technology in the world after 2G,2.5G,3G,3.5G, & 3.9G. 2.5G can offer web access at a rate of between 144 and 384 kilobits per second. 3G is even faster - anywhere between 500 Kbps and 1.5 Mbps. 4G holds up to 100 Mbps for downloading, and 50 mbps for uploading. IP based telecommunication is example of that technology but it is not categorized as 4G. NOKIA E-Series has skype facility, in mobile phones, which is working IP based telecommunication like mobile computer.I don't know that facility supports in Sri Lanka yet. Read the definitions of 4G ,which is rapid growing technology in the world.

What Is 4G
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4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supercede the third generation 3G. While neither standards bodies nor carriers have concretely defined or agreed upon what exactly 4G will be, it is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features. Fourth generation networks are likely to use a combination of WiMAX and WiFi.

Technologies employed by 4G may include SDR (Software-defined radio) receivers, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MIMO (multiple input/multiple output) technologies, UMTS and TD-SCDMA. All of these delivery methods are typified by high rates of data transmission and packet-switched transmision protocols. 3G technologies, by contrast, are a mix of packet and circuit-switched networks.

When fully implemented, 4G is expected to enable pervasive computing, in which simultaneous connections to multiple high-speed networks provide seamless handoffs throughout a geographical area. Network operators may employ technologies such as cognitive radio and wireless mesh networks to ensure connectivity and efficiently distribute both network traffic and spectrum.

The high speeds offered by 4G will create new markets and opportunities for both traditional and startup telecommunications companies. 4G networks, when coupled with cellular phones equipped with higher quality digital cameras and even HD capabilities, will enable vlogs to go mobile, as has already occurred with text-based moblogs. New models for collaborative citizen journalism are likely to emerge as well in areas with 4G connectivity.

A Japanese company, NTT DoCoMo, is testing 4G communication at 100 Mbps for mobile users and up to 1 Gbps while stationary. NTT DoCoMo plans on releasing their first commercial network in 2010. Other telecommunications companies, however, are moving into the area even faster. In August of 2006, Sprint Nextel announced plans to develop and deploy a 4G broadband mobile network nationwide in the United States using WiMAX. The United Kingdom's chancellor of the exchequer announced a plan to auction 4G frequencies in fall of 2006.

4G technologies are sometimes referred to by the acronym "MAGIC," which stands for Mobile multimedia, Anytime/any-where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless and Customized personal service.

What is the technology roadmap for i-Mode

Currently DoCoMo uses wCDMA-HSDPA technology for the radio transmission network. This technology offers download transmission speads currently of around 3.6Mbps.
HSDPA can be upgraded to download speeds of around 10Mbps.
Currently some networks in Japan (e.g. eMobile) use data speeds up to 7.2Mbps.
From around 2010, DoCoMo is planning to upgrade the networks to "Super-3G", which internationally is often called LTE ("Long-Term Evolution") or also sometimes 3.9G.
The next network upgrades beyond will be 4G, which will be introduced in Japan around 2015, althought this timescale can change.

How will services change with these much higher data speeds

It is very difficult to predict which be accepted by customers and commercially successful. 4G data speeds will enable high-quality streaming movies to laptop computers, 3G graphics and similar high data volume applications.

What is Wimax

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless industry coalition dedicated to the advancement of IEEE 802.16 standards for broadband wireless access (BWA) networks.

According to the WiMAX forum, the group's aim is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of devices based on the 802.16 specification, and to develop such devices for the marketplace. WiMAX is expected to provide about 10 megabits per second of upload and download, at a distance of 10 kilometers from a base station.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (short for "wireless fidelity") is a term for certain types of wireless local area network (WLAN) that use specifications in the 802.11 family. The term Wi-Fi was created by an organization called the Wi-Fi Alliance, which oversees tests that certify product interoperability. A product that passes the alliance tests is given the label "Wi-Fi certified" (a registered trademark).

Suggested 4G Hardware Architecture
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Saturday, July 4, 2009

Ultrasonic Object finding circuit





This is simple sonar circuit which can be used in a robot. The ultrasonic transducer here use MA40B8R. Try same equipment for best output.